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The suspension refers to the mechanical system that provides support and control for the diaphragm (cone/dome) and voice coil within the driver's magnetic structure. The suspension is an important component that allows the diaphragm to move back and forth in response to the electrical audio signal while maintaining stability and linearity. The suspension system typically consists of two key components: the spider and the surround.
- Spider: The spider, also known as the "speaker spider" or "spider suspension," is a flexible component made of materials like cloth or treated paper. It is located between the voice coil and the frame (basket) of the loudspeaker driver. The spider's primary function is to center the voice coil within the magnetic gap and provide a restoring force that keeps the voice coil in its neutral position. This centering is crucial for maintaining proper alignment and preventing the voice coil from rubbing against the magnetic structure, especially during large excursions. The spider also contributes to the mechanical stability of the driver.
- Surround: The surround, also known as the "speaker surround" or "suspension surround," is a flexible ring or membrane that connects the outer edge of the loudspeaker diaphragm (cone) to the driver's frame (basket). Its primary function is to provide a compliant suspension for the diaphragm, allowing it to move back and forth in response to the electrical audio signal. The surround's flexibility enables the diaphragm to move with significant excursions while still maintaining stability and proper alignment. This controlled movement helps maintain linearity and prevents distortion during loudspeaker operation.
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