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In the context of loudspeaker drivers, the surround, also known as the "speaker surround" or "suspension surround," is a component that plays an important role in the driver's suspension system. The surround is typically a flexible ring or membrane that connects the outer edge of the loudspeaker diaphragm (cone/dome) to the driver's frame (basket). The primary function of the surround is to provide a compliant and flexible suspension for the diaphragm, allowing it to move back and forth in response to the electrical audio signal. It works in conjunction with other components like the spider and the voice coil to ensure controlled and accurate movement of the diaphragm. The surround contributes several characteristics that impact the performance of the loudspeaker driver:
- Constraining Diaphragm Movement: The surround's flexibility allows the loudspeaker cone to move freely in response to the audio signal, while also constraining its movement within the driver's frame. This controlled movement helps maintain linearity and prevents distortion during loudspeaker operation.
- Allowing Large Excursions: The surround's compliance enables the diaphragm to move with significant excursion (forward and backward motion) while still maintaining stability and proper alignment. This ability to move with larger excursions is particularly important for reproducing low-frequency sounds with sufficient output and minimal distortion.
- Supporting Mechanical Stability: The surround, together with the spider and the frame, provides mechanical stability to the entire loudspeaker driver assembly. It helps keep the diaphragm centered within the magnetic gap and ensures that it moves linearly without tilting or misaligning.
- Durability and Longevity: The surround material needs to be resilient and durable to withstand the stresses of continuous movement over time. High-quality surround materials are designed to resist wear and tear, allowing the loudspeaker driver to perform reliably for an extended period.
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