Xmech represents the maximum physical distance the diaphragm or cone can move before it encounters mechanical limitations. Exceeding the mechanical excursion limit can lead to high levels of distortion, increased nonlinearity, and potential physical damage to the driver. The mechanical excursion capability is a critical parameter for loudspeaker design as it directly affects the loudspeaker's ability to handle high power and reproduce low-frequency signals accurately. Xmech is typically measured in millimeters (mm) and is always a larger value than Xmax. The importance of Xmech lies in four aspects of loudspeaker design and usage:
- Power handling: The mechanical excursion limit determines the maximum power that a loudspeaker can handle without encountering mechanical failure. By ensuring that the diaphragm remains within its safe excursion range, designers can optimize the loudspeaker's power handling capabilities and ensure its long-term reliability.
- Low-frequency performance: Xmech influences the loudspeaker's ability to reproduce low-frequency sounds with accuracy and sufficient volume. It defines the maximum displacement of the diaphragm, allowing it to move air effectively and generate low-frequency output without damage.
- Enclosure design: The mechanical excursion limit is a crucial consideration in loudspeaker enclosure design. Proper enclosure design helps optimize the loudspeaker's low-frequency response and prevent detrimental effects caused by excessive excursion.
- Protection mechanisms: Xmech is also relevant in the implementation of protective mechanisms in loudspeaker systems. Various techniques, such as limiters or high-pass filters, can be employed to ensure that the loudspeaker operates within its safe mechanical excursion range, preventing damage due to excessive excursion.
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